Tài liệu bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi lớp 6

n Peter.
Nam is the youngest student in his class
Winter is the coldest in the year. 
 Note: - Tính töø ngaén: 1 vaàn vaø 2 vaàn nhö: happy, pleasant, quiet
 - Tính töø daøi: caùc tính töø 2 vaàn trôû leân nhö : interesting, beautiful, expensive
 - So saùnh caùc tính töø ñaëc bieät: good → better/ the best; bad → worse/ the worst; 
 little → less/ the least;many → more/ the most; far → farther/ further/ the farthest/ further
PREPOSITIONS
With IN: the morning, august, summer, 2006, uniform, hospital, bed, the world, debt, prison, English, the center of, the middle of, some ways, addition, Vietnam, London, ink, the past/ future, case
 With ON: Monday, Saturday morning, holiday, radio, subject, foot, a farm, a chair, the beach, the phone, Christmas Day, the occasion, the south coast of, a picnic, the way to, time, a street, a floor, the right/ left, sale, the corner
With AT: 5 o’clock, first, last, present, the moment, 16 years old, the age of (15), home, school, the bus stop, the same time, a party, Mary’s house, the end of, the beginning of, night, least, once, times, work
With others: for a week/ fun/ reading/ a walk - from Paris to London, from nine to five- By Nguyen Du, by shooting, by then, by the way, by far, by accident by car/ bus/ taxi/ plane - with smoke, with hands, out of date/ work/ order 
ADJ+ Prep: amazed, amused, delighted at – afraid of, angry with, bad at, good at, different from, fond to, familiar with, famous for, proud of, interested in, kind to/ of, pleased with, useful for, worried about, similar to, accustomed to
VERBS + Prep: borrow from, compare with, crowd into, laugh at, look at/ after/ for/up, prepare for, participate, think of ,prefer...to, succeed.. in, take part in, take care of, tell about, take.. to about, tune into, keep in touch, consist of
NOUN + Prep: love for, habit of/ aspect of, sight of, means of, reason for, method of, pair of 
SOME SENTENCE PATTERNS
S + V + Adj/ n 
 ( be, look, keep, seem, taste, sound, become)
Jack looked very worried.
The food tastes delicious.
 2. S + V + Adv (walk, drive, talk, close, rise. come)
He is careful. He drives slowly.
 3. S + V + O + adv ( watch, read, meet, make, see)
He watched T.V every night.
 4. S + V + O + C (make, elect, declare, consider)
 ( think, believe, find)
 (keep, make, let, have)
 (regard, recognize, appoint, consider)
We made Frank armchair.
I find the lesson too boring.
Sad movie makes me cry.
They regard him as an excellent player.
 5. S + V + I.O + D.O = S + V + D.O+ to/ for + I.O
 (give, teach, show, award, offer, lend +to // buy, make+ for)
Mary teaches me English.= He teaches English to me
My mother bought me a hat. = She bought it for me
 6. S + V + prep + O (look at, wait for, cope with, rely on, depend on, complain/talk about, smile at)
I have been waiting for you for an hour.
He looks at himself in the mirror.
 7. S + V + prep + O = S + V + O (pro) + prep
 (put on/off, take off, turn on /off, throw away, see off
He puts on his shoes. = He puts them on.
I turn on the light, and then I turn it off.
 8. S + V + O + noun clause
 (learn, know, show, discover, decide, understand)
I can understand what you said.
He showed me where the bank was.
 9. There (be) + noun + prep phrase
There is some water in the jar.
There were many students in the yard.
EXPRESSIONS OF QUALITY
1 - SOME: Trong caâu khaúng ñònh/ lôøi môøi: - Duøng vôùi danh töø soá ít khoâng ñeám ñöôïc vaø soáâ nhieàu ñeám ñöôïc:	 	Ex: I like some milk. Would you like some milk?
 2 - ANY: Trong caâu phuû ñònh vaø nghi vaán - Duøng vôùi danh töø soá ít khoâng ñeám ñöôïc vaø soáâ nhieàu ñeám ñöôïc:
 Ex: I don’t like any milk. Do you like any milk?
* Caùc ñaïi töø someone, somebody, something, noone, nothing, nobody, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody cuõng duøng theo caùch treân. Chuù yù No = Not + any: nobody = not any body
3. MANY / A LARGE NUMBER OF/ A GREAT NUMBER OF/: (nhieàu) Duøng vôùi danh töø soáâ nhieàu ñeám ñöôïc:
	Ex: He has many books.
	Ex: A large number of students in our school are good. 
4. MUCH / A LARGE AMOUNT OF/ A GREAT DEAL OF /: (nhieàu) Duøng vôùi danh töø soá ít khoâng ñeám ñöôïc:
	Ex: He has much time to play.
	Ex: A large amount of 
 * How much/ How many cuõng duøng theo caùch treân:
Ex: How many eggs does she want? - She wants a dozen eggs.
 Ex: How much beef do you want? - I want 200grams of beef.
5. PLENTY OF/ A LOT OF / LOTS OF (nhieàu) Duøng vôùi danh töø ñeám ñöôïc vaø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc:
 Ex: He has plenty of books. 	 Ex: He has plenty of time to play.
 * Very/ too/ so/ as + many/ much + noun
 	Ex: There is too much bad news on T.V tonight
6. FEW / A FEW/ LITTLE / A LITTLE: (ít, moät ít, moät vaøi) 
A. FEW: (raát ít yù phuû ñònh) 
 + Duøng vôùi danh töø soáâ nhieàu ñeám ñöôïc
 Ex: I feel lonely because I have a few friends there.
B. A FEW: (moät vaøi yù khaúng ñònh)
 + Duøng vôùi danh töø soáâ nhieàu ñeám ñöôïc
 Ex: You can see a few houses on the hill.
C. LITTLE: (raát ít yù phuû ñònh) 
 + Duøng vôùi danh töø soáâ ít khoâng ñeám ñöôïc
 	Ex: I have very little time for reading. 
D. A LITTLE: (moät ít, moät chuùt yù khaúng ñònh)
 + Duøng vôùi danh töø soáâ ít khoâng ñeám ñöôïc
 	Ex: I need a little help to move these books.
7. More, less, fewer:
A. FEWER: So saùnh hôn cuûa (few - a few) 
 - Duøng keøm vôùi danh töø ñeám ñöôïc soá nhieàu
 S + V + fewer + ADJ / Noun + than + S 
 Ex: He has fewer days off than we.
B. LESS: So saùnh hôn cuûa (little - a little) 
	- Duøng keøm vôùi danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc hoaëc keøm vôùi tính töø 
 S + V + Less + ADJ / Noun + than + S 	Ex: He is less scared now.
 Do you have less free time than Hoa?
 C. MORE: So saùnh hôn cuûa (a lot of / many /much) 
 - Duøng keøm vôùi danh töø ñeám ñöôïc hoaëc khoâng ñeám ñöôïc 
	Ex: Do you have more hours than Hoa?
 - Duøng keøm vôùi tính töø daøi (Töø 2 vaàn trôû leân) - S + V + More + ADJ / Noun + than + S. 
	Ex: He is more tired than I.
8. MOST / MOST OF: (Phaàn lôùn, haàu heát)
	A. MOST + NOUN ( soá nhieàu :Most children / hoaëc khoâng ñeám ñöôïc: Most coffee)
 	Ex: Most children are fond of sweets.
	Ex: Most coffee is new and good.
 B. MOST OF + MY/ HIS/ HER/ YOU/ THEIR/ THE / THIS/ THAT/ THESE/ THOSE + N
 	Ex: Most of the boys in my class want to play soccer.
READING
D. Read and answer the questions:
I. Hi, My name is pike and this is my son. He learns in a big school in London. He goes to school from Monday to Friday and doesn’t go to school at the weekend. At school, he studies may things. He is very much interested in math and Physics because they are his favorite subject. At recess, Peter often plays basketball and he plays it very well. He sometimes plays soccer after school. In his free time, he always listens to music and he learns to play the guitar. He hopes he will become an engineer in the future.	
Where does Peter learn? ..................................................................................................................
What subject does he like? ..................................................................................................................
What does he do at recess? ..................................................................................................................
What does he do in his free time? .........................................................................................................
Does Peter want to be an engineer or a singer? ...................................................................................
II We are all destroying the earth. The sea and the rivers are too dirty to swimming in. There is so much smoke in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of world’s cities. We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of wasteland all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of Africa can’t grow enough rice to eat. Wild animals are quickly disappearing. We must save the earth.
Are we are all destroying the earth? ...............................................................................................
What are too dirty to swimming in? ..............................................................................................................
Why is it unhealthy to live in many of world’s cities? 	..............................................................
What disappear quickly? 	..............................................................................................................
What should we do now? 	.........................................................................................................
III. I’m Linh, Pham Thuy Linh. I am a new student of 7A class in Nguyen Du secondary school. I am thirteen and I come from Hoa Binh. I have a brother and a sister. They are 500 students at a high school in Hoa Binh. I live with my aunt at 20 Le Loi Street. She often brings me to school by motorbike every day. It is more than two kilometers from my aunt’s house to my school. It takes us ten minutes to go these. My telephone number is 871374.
SURVERY FORM
Family name: ...
Name(s): .............
Age: .................
Grade: ..................
School: ...................
Brothers and sister:......
Address : .....
Telephone number: ......
Distance : ......
Means of transport: .............
Time: ......... 
IV. My name is Lan. I am 12 years old. I am a student at Hoang Dieu School. My father is a farmer. He grows vegetables and raises cattle on our farm in the countryside. My mother is a teacher. She is always busy at school. I have an elder sister, Mai. She is a nurse, and she works in a hospital. I love my family very much. 
How old is Lan? 
g .................................
Who is always busy at school? 
g .................................
What does Lan ,s father grow? 
g .................................
Where does Mai work? 	 
g .............................