Bài giảng Nhập môn công nghệ sinh học - Một số ứng dụng vào các lĩnh vực kinh tế xã hội

Một Số Lĩnh Vực Ứng Dụng 
	 Một số ứng dụng vào các lĩnh vực kinh tế xã hội 
	 Công nghệ sinh học trong lĩnh vực y tế 
	 Công nghệ sinh học trong lĩnh vực môi trường 
	 Công nghệ sinh học trong lĩnh vực chế biến thực phẩm 
Công nghệ sinh học trong lĩnh vực y tế 
Vaccine 
Recombinat vaccine 
Conventional vaccine 
Inactive 
Weak 
Gene transfer 
Virus protein (Antigen) 
FMDV 
Marek 
Gumboro 
Newcastle 
Transfer gene coated glycoprotein of Newcastle virus into smallpox 
Transfer gene hemagglutini of influenza into pox virus 
DNA vacine 
Injection of pure DNA/RNA preparation to muscle 
Uses of vector ( vaccinia , E. coli., adenovirus, retroviruses..) for delivery gene 
Reimplantation of autologous cells (cell of individual to be vaccinated) 
 in to which the gene has been transferd 
Particle gun delivery of plasmid DNA which contain the gene 
 in an expression cassete 
Disease diagnosis 
1. Probes 
DNA/RNA- PCR 
2. Monoclonal antibodies 
Ag isolation 
injection 
Spleen cells isolation 
Marrow cancer cell ( Myeloma ) 
Cell fusion 
Hybridized cells selected in HAT 
( hypoxathin aminopterin , Thymidine ) 
Cell culture (separated) 
Antibody in medium 
Y 
Y 
Y 
Checking hybridized cells in medium 
 with MAb (reaction with Ag) 
MAb Isolated from medium 
Steps for MAb production 
Disease diagnosis 
3. Detect genetic disease 
4. Disease treatment 
5. Product from nonrecombinant organisms 
(Micro-organisms, Plant and animail cell culture) 
6. Product from recombinant organisms 
(Genetically engineered Micro-Organism 
Animal cell culture, transgenic plants) 
 Công nghệ sinh học trong lĩnh vực môi trường 
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 
Biotechnology is a useful tool that is delivering improved products and processes for the environmental sustainability. Biotechnology promises a range of benefits to manage the industrial waste water economically and effectively around the world. 
Environmental Biotechnology is the multidisciplinary integration of sciences and engineering in order to utilize the huge biochemical potential of microorganisms, plants and parts thereof for the restoration and preservation of the environment and for the sustainable use of resources. 
 Cleaning of environment through nature’s scavengers 
The field includes the application of microorganisms for 
improvement of environmental quality 
 - discovery of microorganisms with metabolic 
Potentials that can be employed for industrial applications 
	-Use of molecular methods for assessing the natural distribution of microbes in the environment and the ecological function they perform 
NECESSITY OF THE DIFFERENCE 
Concern about the environmental impact of genetically 
engineered microorganisms has greatly constrained 
the possibility of deliberately releasing recombinant 
microbes for environmental remediation 
 Using such recombinant microorganisms may be 
possible within contained bioreactors organisms 
The use of living microbes to 
transform undesirable and 
harmful substances into 
non-toxic compounds. 
The husbandry and management of naturally-occurring microbes 
to degrade target pollutants for the purpose of restoring 
contaminated environment. 
	 BIOREMEDIATION 
Exploits the metabolic capacities of microorganisms to 
remove pollutants from the environment 
BIOSTIMULATION 
Relies on the natural activities of indigenous 
microorganisms combined with the use of environmental 
modifications, such as addition of mineral nutrients, to 
stimulate the rate at which microbes metabolize pollutants 
BIOAUGMENTATION 
Involves the addition of cultures of microorganisms with 
specific pollutant degrading capabilities to a polluted site 
Biotechnology can play a major role in 
pollution prevention, waste reduction, 
bioconversion and energy cost savings. 
Examples: 
Pulp and Paper Industry 
Textile Industry 
Beverage Industry 
Starch Industry 
Petrochemicals 
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PULP ANDPAPER INDUSTRY 
Biopulping uses enzymes to selectivity 
degrade lignin and to break down wood 
cell walls. 
Biobleaching uses enzymes to bleach the pulp. 
Biological decolourization uses bacteria or fungi. 
 Công nghệ sinh học trong lĩnh vực 
 nhiên liệu sinh hoc ( biofuel ) 
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PETROCHEMICALS 
Cleaning of storage tank using enzymes 
 oil-spill clean-up using potential microbes 
Công nghệ sinh học trong lĩnh vực chế biến thực phẩm 
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN FOOD INDUSTRY 
Enzymatic processing- Use of pectinases 
and amylases in food processing 
Effluent treatment of waste water using 
potential microbes 
Use of enzymes in starch processing 
Biological removal of ammonia from 
waste water 
Effective and rapid treatment of waste 
water using selective microbes 
Lên men sinh tổng hợp enzim fructosyltransferaza từ A. niger trên thiết bị 14 lít 
Đường chức năng fructo-oligosacarit ( FOS)sản xuất bằng phương pháp enzim 
Nghiên cứu sản xuất đường sorbitol 
Mứt hoa quả các loại 
Sản phẩm maltooligosacarit 
Tôm chua lên men từ vi khuẩn lactic thuần chủng