Đề tài Major areas of ecology

**MAJOR AREAS OF ECOLOGYName : Vo Thi Ngoc Nguyen Semester : 2008-2009**ORGANISMAL ECOLOGYPOPULATION ECOLOGYCOMMUNITY ECOLOGYECOSYSTERM ECOLOGY.MAJOR AREAS OF ECOLOGY**ORGANISMAL ECOLOGYOrganisms have developed functional, structural, and behavioral adaptations to their environments. Focuses on the adaptations that enable individual organisms to meet the challenges posed by their environmentsThe geographic distribution of organisms is often limited by the abiotic conditions they can tolerateEx: Earthworms are restricted to moist environments because their skin does not prevent dehydration	Organismal ecology. 	Why earthworms live in moist soil?**POPULATION ECOLOGYPopulation ecology is the branch of ecology that studies the structure and dynamics of populations. Population ecology concentrates mainly on factors that affect how many individuals of particular species live in an area.All of a population must use the same resources – causes competition	Population ecology. 	What environmental factors affect the reproductive rate of deer mice?**COMMUNITY ECOLOGYA community ecology deals with the whole array of interacting species in community. Focuses on how interactions between species affect community structure and organization.	Ex: predation, competition, symbiosis, mutualism and commensalisms. 	Community ecology.What factors influencethe diversity of speciesthat make up aparticular forest?**ECOSYSTERM ECOLOGYEcosystem – includes all the abiotic factors in addition to the community of species in a certain area.Ecosystem ecology focus on energy flow and the cycling of chemicals among the various biotic and abiotic components.Ecosystem ecology. What factors control photosynthetic productivity in a temperate grassland ecosystem?**ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGYLAKESWETLANDSSTREAMS AND RIVERSINTERTIDAL ZONESOCEANIC PELAGIC BIOMETROPICAL FORESTDESERTSAVANNATEMPERATE GRASSLANDThere are two types of ecology: – Terrestrial ecology- land. – Aquatic ecology- fresh or saltwater**A landscape or seascape consists of several different ecosystems linked by exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms.Focus on the way in which interactions among populations, communities, and ecosystemsLANDSCAPE ECOLOGY.(e) Landscape ecology. To what extent do the trees lining the drainage channels in this landscape serve as corridors of dispersal for forest animals?The biosphere is the global ecosystem – the sum of all the planet’s ecosystem. The most extensive level in ecology, goes from high in the atmosphere to the bottom of the oceans.BIOSPHERE**REFERENCEwww.wikipedia.orgwww.campbl50.comwww.fcelter.fiu.eduwww.whatis.comEncarta Reference Library 2005**THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION