Some non-Timber forest products in Vietnam

Some non-timber forest products in VietnamDefinitions of NTFPNon-timber forest products (NTFP): are products from forests except woodNTFP play important roles:to improve income of families, and local governments to provide huge benefits for society such as increasing jobs, improving povertyto protect environment and biodiversitySix main groupsOil and resin group: 60 speciesFibre group: 44 speciesFood group: 52 speciesMedical group: 76 speciesTanin, and dying group: 19 speciesOrnamental group: 47 speciesSome non-timber forest products harvested in Vietnam from 2000 -2003Products20002003Values (USD)Production (tones)Values (USD)Production (tones)Cinamomum bark2,1003,0005,1807.400Pine resin0,755,0003,52523.500Illicium verum12,2503,50024,5287.008Bamboo24,000120.00030,000150.000Amomum tsaoko0,6001201,050210Amomun achinosphaera0,3755.0000,675450Source:www.agroviet.gov.vnAn outlineRepresent: 4 species in the oil and resin group and 1 species in the fibre group. Each will follow the following outline:Name of speciesDistributionPlantationValuesCinnamomum cassiaIn English names: Chinese cassia, Chinese cinnamon, Cassia ligneaVietnamese name: Que don, que bi, que trung quocCinnamomum cassiaNative distribution: China, Laos, MyanmarPlantation: Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, South America, AmericaCinnamomum cassiaIn VietNam: Quang Ninh, CaoBang, Backan, Thai nguyen, Bac Giang, Lao cai,Yen Bai, HaGiang, TuyenQuang, HaTay, Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, HaTinh, Quang Nam and Quang ngai Khanh Hoa, Ba Ria Vung TauPlanted 70192 ha in Viet nam in 2004Provided over 29 -30 thousands tones of bark◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘Cinnamomum cassiaPotential benefits Better barks collected from stem and big branches6-7 year-old plantation provide 5 -6 tones/hectareCinnamomum cassiaClimate conditions:Attitude mainly at below 800mTemperature: 20 -250CAnnual rainfall: 1600 – 2500mmRed to yellow soils, sand soil pH = 4-6Cinnamomum cassiaBark contains 1 – 4% oils, of which 70 – 95% (E)-cinnamaldehydLeaves and young branches contain 0.3 -0.8% oils, of which 60 -90% (E)-cinnamaldehydOthers: tannin, sugar, calci oxalat, coumarinCinnamomum cassiaMultipurpose:Medical plantEssential oilSpice (distinct odour)TimberPinus spp.1. Pinus merkusii English names: colophan, merkus pineVietnamese name: thong nhua2. P. massoniana English names: Maweisong pineVietnamese name: thong mavi3. P. keysia English names: Khasya pine, gum rosin pine, turpentin oilVietnamese name: thong 3 laPinus spp.Pinus merkusii (thong nhua)P. massoniana (thong mavi)P. keysia (thong 3 la)Planted in the whole country of Vietnam, about 400 thousands hectaresPinus spp.Pinus merkusiiIn Viet Nam: Quang Ninh, Son La, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, Quang Nam, Binh Thuan, Kon Tum, Dak Lak, Lam Dong◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘Pinus spp.P. massonianain Vietnam: Lang Son, Quang Ninh, HaGiang, Lai Chau, Vinh Phuc, Thai Nguyen, Ha Tay, Thanh Hoa, nghe An◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘Pinus spp.P. keysiain Vietnam: Lang Son, Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Quang Ninh, Yen Bai, Lai Chau, Son La, Kon Tum, Dak Lak,Gia Lai, Dak Nong, Lam Dong◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘Pinus spp.P. keysiaPlantation: almost in South East Asia, South IndiaCan be found in LamDong, GiaLai, Daklak and HaGiangPinus spp.P. keysiaClimate conditions:Attitude from 300 – 2700mTemperature: 15 -200CAnnual rainfall: 2000 -2500mmSoils: pH = 4.8 -5.5Pinus spp.Multipurpose:Provide resin: approximately 20 thousands tones in 2002 -2003Potential production: about 600 thousands tones/yearPinus spp.Multipurpose:- Oils - Medical plants- Pulp, floor woodA main species for plantationIllicium verumEnglish names: Chinese star anise, star anise, anise oilVietnamese name: cay HoiThere are 40 species in South East Asia, and North AmericaCan be found 16 species in Viet nam, particularly 6 species only in Sapa (Lao Cai)◘◘◘◘Illicium verumPlantation: In the worldwide: south China, Japan, India In Viet nam: Lang Son, Quang Ninh, Cao Bang and Backan Current report: 45 000 hectares in 2004 in VNPotential benefits:provide over 150-250 tones of oils/yearOver 3426 tones of fruits10-20 year-old plants can provide 20 -30 kg/treeCan harvest until 90-100 years oldIllicium verumClimate conditions:Attitudes: mainly at 200 – 600 mAverage temperature:18- 220CAverage rainfall: 1000 -2800 mm/yearSoils: thick surface, rich soil, good hygiene, pH = 5 -8Illicium verumFruits and leaves contain oil: 3 -3.5% in fresh fruits, 8 – 13% in dried fruits and 0.3 -1% in leavesOils include: trans-anethol (80 – 98%) and others (limone,myrcen, sabinen, 4-terpineol)Seeds contain 50 -80% fat oils (acid oleic, linoleic, stearic and myristic)www.vnexpress.net verumMultipurpose:Medical plantEssential oilTimberSpiceWine, softdrinkCandywww.vnexpress.net crassnaEnglish names: agar wood, Malayan eaglewoodVietnamese name: tram huongPlantation in the worldwide: Laos, CambodiaIn Vietnam, there are 4 species (A.crassna, A.baillonii, A. banaensae and A. rugosa)Aquilaria crassnaPlanted in the whole country of Vietnam, mainly in Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Phu Tho, Vinh Phu, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Gia Lai, Khanh Hoa, Phu Yen and Phu QuocAbout 6000ha in 2005◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘Aquilaria crassnaClimate conditionsAttitude at 50 – 1200mAverage temperature: 20 – 280CAnnual rainfall: 1500 -2500 mmSoils: thin surface, feralit, granit, pH = 4 -6Aquilaria crassnaOils maintain agarofuranoid, sesquiterpenoidAccording to Ishihara M. et.al. (1993): oils provide 27% 2-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethychromon, 15% 2- (2 -phenyletheyl) chromonAquilaria crassnaMain purposes:IncenseEssential oilPerfumeCosmeticIndustrial productsBambusease and CalameaeInclude: 92 species in Bambusaceae and Arecaceae families such as Dendrocalamus spp., Phyllostachys spp.,Bambusa spp., Arundinaria sp.Planted in the whole country of Vietnam,Bamboo75 thousands tones of Arecaceae, Calameae100 thousands tones of song for export every yearMany products made from bamboo:- Tooth stick, chopsticksIncenseBamboo furniture: roofHouse-ware products: chairs, tables, baskets etc.PulpFoodwww.vietnam-trade.com.vnBamboo productswww.forum.ctu.edu.vn